Physical Chemistry

The metallic crystal consists of an assemblage of positive ions immersed in a sea of mobile electrons. Thus, each electron belongs to a number of…

The lattice points in molecular crystals consist of molecules which do not carry any charge. The forces binding the molecules together are of two types:…

Unit cell is the smallest fundamental repeating portion of a crystal lattice from which the crystal is built by repetition in three dimensions. Characteristic parameters…

The significance of Bragg’s law in electron diffraction and microscopy is then discussed, with particular emphasis on differences between X-ray and electron diffraction. Bragg’s law…

W.L.Bragg and W.H.Bragg derived a mathematical relation to determine interatomic distances from X-ray diffraction patterns. The scattering of X-rays by crystals could be considered as…

X-rays are electromagnetic waves of very short wavelength. The wave nature of X-rays is not confirmed by diffraction experiment, because a grating of about 40…

For s-orbitals, when l = 0, the value of m is 0; i.e., there is only one possible orientation. This means that the probability of…

Atomic Mass Unit is defined as a mass exactly equal to one-twelve the mass of one carbon-12 atom. One atomic mass is also called one…