Thermodynamics

Second law of thermodynamics can be stated in many ways: i) “It is impossible to construct an engine which operated in a complete cycle will…

The first law of thermodynamics is a general statement of equivalence between work and heat. The second law of thermodynamics enables us to know whether…

A thermodynamic cycle in which a working substance starting from a given initial thermal state undergoes two successive expansion, one isothermal and other is adiabatic…

Any heat engine is used to convert heat into mechanical work. An ideal engine free from all in perfections of practical engines was conceived by…

A thermodynamic state function which may be used to determine the direction of flow of heat from one thermal state to another and the function…

On the basis of the experimental results of the Carnot’s engine scientists described how the heat is transferred from one system to the other. They…

A calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat absorbed or released during a physical or chemical change. Everything inside the bomb is the…

In order that chemists worldwide can compare notes on thermochemical experiments, a series of special conditions have been agreed. The term “standard state enthalpy” refers…

It is important to give the exact reaction equation when quoting the associated energy change. 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) → 2MgO (s), ΔH =…

If the potential energy diagram shows that the energy of the reactants is lower than that of the products, the reaction will take in energy.…