Equilibrium Constant for the Sum of Reactions
We can combine equilibrium reactions whose Kc values are known to obtain Kc for the overall reaction Combining rules If a reaction is reversed, invert…
Chemistry
Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations
If the equilibrium constant for a reaction is given, it is possible to calculate the concentrations of substances in the equilibrium concentrations or mixture. Consider…
Obtaining Equilibrium Constant Expressions
Equilibrium concentrations for a reaction cannot be predicted theoretically. They must be obtained experimentally and then substituted into the equilibrium constant expression in order to…
Equilibrium Law for Heterogeneous Reactions
In heterogeneous systems where two or more phases are present at equilibrium (e.g. solid and gas), the equilibrium is unaffected by the amounts of pure…
Equilibrium Law: Key Points
A large Kc indicates large concentrations of products at equilibrium as follows: Kc > 1000 means that the reaction goes to completion. A small Kc…
Equilibrium Constant in Electro-Chemistry
Every reversible system has its own position of equilibrium under any given set of conditions. For any given reversible reaction at equilibrium, the ratio of…
Haber’s Process
The Haber’s process for producing ammonia from N2 and H2 is an important industrial example of a reaction that does not go to completion. It…
Chemical Equilibrium in Electro-Chemistry
When substances react in a closed system, they eventually form a mixture of the constant composition of products and unreacted reactants, in a dynamic chemical…
Reversible Reactions in Electro-Chemistry
A reversible reaction is a chemical reaction that results in an equilibrium mixture of reactants and products. If steam is passed over the hot iron,…
Explain Faraday Calculations
In the electrolysis of copper chloride, what mass of copper would be produced by a current of 1000 A running for 1 hour? First it…
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