Equilibria of Complex Ions Most transition elements and some non-transition metals are able to combine with neutral molecules or ions to form complex species. In many cases, complex ions are formed. Examples are Ag(NH3)2+, Cu(NH3)42+,…

Applications of Solubility Product Principle Qualitative analysis is mainly based on precipitating out the metal ions from a solution by the addition of a suitable reagent. A salt will be precipitated if the conditions are…

Predicting Precipitation It is known that when a solution of silver nitrate is added to a solution of sodium chloride or any other chloride a precipitate of silver chloride is formed. In fact, this is…

Effect of pH on Solubility When one or more of the ions in a solubility equilibrium is derived from a weak acid or a weak base, the solubility of the compound is profoundly affected by…

Solubility and Common Ion Effect We know that the dissociation of a weak acid is depressed when an electrolyte with an ion common to the ions formed by the acid is added to its solution.…

Solubility and Solubility Product Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The solubility product constant (K) describes the equilibrium between a solid and its…

ChemiCalculation of solubility product from solubility data Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The solubility product constant (K) describes the equilibrium between a…

Amphoteric Electrolytes: Zwitter Ions There are some substances which under one set of conditions act as a base and under another set of conditions act as an acid. Such substances are called amphoteric electrolytes. Notable…

Salt Hydrolysis Salts are ionic compounds produced by the neutralization of acids with bases. Solutions of salts in water are expected to be neutral with a pH of 7.0, but in many cases, depending on…

pH solution depends on relative strengths of Acid and Base pH of the solution depends on the relative strengths of the acid and the base from which the salt is prepared. In a solution of…