A solvent is a substance that dissolves in a solution which results in a solution. Polar solvents (e.g., water) favor the formation of ions; Nonpollars (e.g., hydrocarbons) do not provide. The solvents are mainly acid,…

Abnormal Molecular Masses from Colligative Properties from Dissociation in solution The laws of the colligative properties are applicable only for very dilute solution, and when there are no association and dissociation of the solutes in…

Abnormal Molecular Masses from Colligative Properties from Association in solution The laws of the colligative properties are applicable only for very dilute solution, and when there are no association and dissociation of the solutes in…

Importance of Osmosis Phenomenon Osmosis is an important phenomenon in many biological and technological processes. Animal and vegetable cells containing solutions of salts and sugars (cell saps) are surrounded by semi-permeable membranes. The osmotic pressure…

Interrelation between the Colligative Properties The colligative properties of solutions are related with each other and mathematical relationships between these properties may be deduced. However, for the sake of brevity only the final results are…

Thermodynamic Derivation of Osmotic Pressure Laws The laws of osmotic pressure can be deduced in a number of ways by thermodynamic principles. Only one is given which makes use of the Raoult’s law of lowering…

Determination of Molecular Mass from Osmotic Pressure Measurements Like the other colligative properties, osmotic pressure measurements are extensively used for the determination of molecular masses of substances. If the number of moles in a solution…

Van’t Hoff’s Laws of Osmotic Pressure Quantitative relations between the concentration of the solution and the osmotic pressure were first derived by van’t Hoff in 1886. These are known as van’t Hoff’s laws of osmotic…

Determination of Osmotic Pressure by Modern methods Abbe Nollet (1748) was the first to observe the phenomenon of osmosis and made measurements of osmotic pressure. His measurements with pig’s bladder as the semi-permeable membrane gave…

Osmotic pressure might be defined as the surplus pressure which must be applied to a solution in order to prevent the flow of solvent into the solution through the semi-permeable membrane. Determination of Osmotic Pressure…