Physical Chemistry

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces are defined as the set of attractive and repulsive forces that occur between the molecules as a result of the polarity…

The absolute entropy of a pure substance at 25°C (298 K) and 1 atm pressure is called the standard entropy, S°. The standard entropies of…

Characteristics of Free energy ‘G’ i) G is defined as (H-TS) where H and S are the enthalpy and entropy of the system respectively. T…

Gibbs Free Energy ‘G’: According to II law of thermodynamics, inorder to predict the spontaneity of a process entropy of universe is considered. ΔSunivers is…

Entropy increase in a process a) In a chemical reaction, when number of molecules of products are more than the number of molecules of reactant…

Standard Free Energy (G°): Like standard enthalpy of formation of substances, standard enthalpy change of a reaction, standard free energy of formation of substances and…

Units of entropy: Entropy is defined as the quantitative measure of disorder or randomness in a system. The dimension of entropy is energy in terms…

Entropy is a determination of the level of uncertainty of the molecules comprising the structure. The entropy of the structure is precise in terms of…

Entopy change in a physical (phase) transformation can be determined particularly for evaporation of liquids at the boiling points, using Trouton’s rule. According to this…

The ability of certain ultra cold substances to conduct electricity without resistance is called super conductivity. This superconductivity state is a state in which a…