Bronsted-Lowry Theory
The Bronsted-Lowry theory discusses acid-base reactions in terms of proton-transfer only. Note that an H atom only has one proton and one electron, as such…
Chemistry
Arrhenius Theory
According to the Arrhenius theory an acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water, produces hydronium ions (H3O+) as follows: HCl (I) + H2O…
Reactions of Acids in Electro-chemistry
Acids are a family of chemicals which react in a similar way. For example, acids found in foodstuff give a characteristic sharp taste. Metal hydroxides,…
Manipulating Yields in Haber’s Process
Adjusting the temperature, pressure and concentration of reactants can therefore have a large effect on the position of equilibrium. Le Chatelier’s principle is applied to…
Effect on Reaction Constant Kc in Electro-chemistry
The partial pressure is the pressure which the gas would have if it filled the same volume by itself. The total pressure of a gas…
Effect of Temperature Change in terms of Le Chatelier’s Principle
Temperature has a significant effect on most reactions. The position of the equilibrium will shift with a change of temperature. Reaction rates generally increase with…
Effects of Pressure Change in terms of Le Chatelier’s Principle
Le Chatelier’s Principle can also be used to predict how changing the pressure can also alter the position of equilibrium. The pressure of a gas…
Le Chatelier’s Principle
An equilibrium position will always shift if the amount of any substance in the equilibrium mixture is changed. If more reactant is added, or if…
Predicting the Direction of Reaction
How could we predict the direction in which a reaction at non-equilibrium conditions will shift to re-establish equilibrium? The reaction quotient, Qc, is an expression…
Describe on Equilibrium Constant Kp
If we express a gas-phase equilibria in terms of partial pressures, we obtain the equilibrium constant Kp. For the reaction below: CO (g) + 3H2…
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