Chemical Equilibrium

Applications of the Principles of Chemical Equilibrium to Reactions of Industrial Importance In industrial processes the primary objective is to maximize the yield of products…

Effect of temperature on equilibrium The effect of temperature on equilibrium depends on whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. A temperature change occurs when…

Effect of adding an inert gas If an inert (non-reacting) gas is added to a system of gaseous equilibrium at constant volume (the total pressure…

Effect of catalyst on equilibrium A catalyst does not affect the position of equilibrium and hence it does not have any effect on the value…

Effect of change in concentration If a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature, volume, or partial pressure, then the equilibrium shifts…

Effect of pressure change on chemical equilibrium Homogeneous reactions in solution or in solid state are not accompanied by appreciable change in volume but this…

Factors Influencing Equilibrium: The Principle of Le Chatelier Le-Chatelier, a French Chemist, made a generalization to explain the effect of changes in concentration, temperature or…

Heterogeneous Equilibria A homogeneous equilibrium occurs when all reagents and products are found in the same phase (solid, liquid, or gas) and a heterogeneous equilibrium…

Equilibria in Solution Applications of the equilibrium constants in solutions are numerous in connection with ionic equilibria. Such equilibria are also of great importance in…

Homogeneous Equilibria A homogeneous equilibrium has the whole thing present in the similar phase. The common examples contain reactions where everything is a gas, or…