Chemistry
The Absolute Zero of Temperature
The Absolute Zero of Temperature At – 273.16°C or 0°K the volume of any gas would theoretically be zero. In reality most gases become liquid…
Gas Law
Chemistry
Avogadro’s Law: Explanation in terms of Gaseous State
Avogadro’s Law In describing the behavior of gases Avogadro(1811), an Italian physicist proposed that: equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure…
Chemistry
Boyle’s Law: Explanation in terms of Gaseous State
Boyle’s Law The effect of pressure on the volume of a gas was extensively studied by Robert Boyle in 1662. He enclosed some gas at…
Chemistry
Charle’s Law: Explanation in terms of Gaseous State
Charle’s Law or Gay-Lussac’s Law All gases increase in volume when their temperature is raised. If numerical data of the volume of a given quantity…
Chemistry
Chemical Equilibrium and Concentration Calculations
H2 + I2 ≈ 2 HI The above chemical reaction when carried out at a temperature of 425°C has the I2, HI and H2 all…
Chemistry
What is Hydrogen-Atom Spectroscopy?
The Rydberg equation very accurately summarizes the UV-visible electronic spectroscopy that is observed for the hydrogen atom. It gives the wavenumber f, (pronounced “nu bar”)…
Chemistry
Enthalpy of Combustion of Benzene
When benzene, below Figure, is combusted it has the following stoichiometric reaction C6 H6 + 15/2 O2 → 6CO2 + 3 H2O The enthalpy change…
Chemistry
Isotope Abundances of Molecules: Mathematical Example
The binomial formula is used in chemistry for: (a) calculating the intensities of NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) lines due to spin-spin splitting (Pascal’s triangle); (b)…
Chemistry
Kinetics of Second Order Chemical Reaction
An example of a second-order reaction is the atmospheric reaction between nitric oxide (NO) and chlorine (Cl2). The superscript dots indicate radicals i.e. unpaired electrons.…
Chemistry
Theoretical Example of Vapour Pressure of Liquids
The gas phase pressure of a liquid is called its vapour pressure p and increases with increasing temperature of the liquid Where ΔH0vap is the…
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