Catalyst: Catalyst is the substance which does not directly participate in the reaction but present in the reaction and increases or decrease the reaction rate. After complete the reaction catalysts remain unchanged d-block elements work…

Consider two compounds containing the same ligands attached to the same central metal ion, but the arrangement of ligands in space about the central metal ion are different, then these two compounds are said to…

Alfred Werner (1866-1919) French born Swiss chemist founded the modern theory on coordination compounds. His theory and pioneering experimental work on metal complexes won for him the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1913. Werner was…

The postulates of valence bond theory (VB Theory) 1) The central metal atom/ion makes available a number of vacant orbitals equal to its coordination number. 2) These vacant orbitals form covalent bonds with the ligand orbitals.…

Geometric isomers are possible for both square planar and octahedral complexes, but not tetrahedral. In a cis-isomer two identical (or) similar groups are adjacent to each other whereas in a trans-isomer they are diametrically opposite…

Lanthanides and Actinides both show close resemblance because these involve filling of f-subshells. Both have colored ions, low electronegativity, high re-activity and show magnetic properties. However, these also differ from each other as shown in…

Use of lanthanides A pyrophoric alloy which contains cerium, lanthanum and Neodymium; iron; aluminium; calcium, carbon and silicon is used in cigarette lighters, toys, flame throwing tanks and tracer bullets. Ceria (CeO2) and thoria (ThO2)…

Extraction of Lanthanides from Monazite sand The method used for extraction of lanthanides from monazite sand consists of the steps which have been shown in flowsheet. Flow sheet: Extraction of lanthanide from monazite sand Individual…