Plant kingdom

The androecium is composed of stamens. It is the male reproductive part of the flower. Each stamen which represents the male reproductive organ consists of…

The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in the floral bud with respect to the other members of the same whorl is known as…

Each flower normally has four floral whorls, viz., calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium (Figure). Calyx and corolla are important parts of a flower. The calyx…

The flower is the reproductive unit in the angiosperms. It is meant for sexual reproduction. A typical flower has four different kinds of whorls arranged…

A flower is a modified shoot wherein the shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem. Internodes do not elongate and the axis gets condensed. The…

Plants have changed themselves to adjust to their environment in exceptional ways. One of them is the modifications of leaves. Leaves are often modified to…

Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch. This is usually of three types – alternate, opposite and whorled (Figure).…

A leaf is said to be simple, when its lamina is entire or when incised, the incisions do not touch the midrib. When the incisions…

The arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of leaf is termed as venation. When the veinlets form a network, the venation is…

The leaf is a lateral, generally flattened structure borne on the stem. It develops at the node and bears a bud in its axil. The…