Chemistry

Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) method: This method is based on the crystallization of reactants in the vapor or gas phase. In this method, volatile starting…

Sol-Gel method: A sol is a colloidal dispersion of small (1-1000 nm diameter) articles. In the Sol-Gel method a sol of reactants in a suitable…

Precursor method: The precursor method is a novel synthesis method for the preparation of solid substances of correct stoichiometry from a single source solid precursor.…

Microwave synthesis for Preparation of Crystal Microwave synthesis: In some cases microwave ovens rather than conventional heating is used to speed up the reactions. Solid…

Ceramic method for Preparation of Crystal Ceramic method: In this method two solids which react to form the required product are heated together either in…

The Solid State Solids are characterized by their definite shapes and fixed volumes. The rigid structure is indicative of the fact that the atoms, molecules…

Preparation of Crystals Crystals of solid substances are formed when saturated solutions of solids are cooled slowly. The process is called crystallization. The size and…

Structure of Liquids During the past decades much progress has been made in the understanding of the gaseous and solid state of matter. Our knowledge…

Viscosity and its Importance Viscosity is the measure of a substance’s resistance to motion under an applied force. Viscosity is an important property in both…

Measurement of Viscosity There are a number of diverse methods for determining the co-efficient of viscosity: for example, (a) by determining the volume of liquid…