Crystallography
The crystallography branch of crystal science which deals with the arrangement and bonding of atoms in crystal solids and related to the geometric structure of crystal water with the optical properties of crystals for classical…
Topics: Complex Numbers
Polymer Electrolytes and Impedance Spectroscopy
New batteries for car, laptops, tablet computers and mobiles are developed by Chemists. These batteries are now made from polymer electrolytes as these can offer significant performance improvements. One tool that is often used to…
Dielectric Constant of a Solution of Polar Molecules
An alternating electric field of frequency w has an electric field, E = Ec, exp(iɷτ), which varies with time τ (“tau”). Applying an alternating field to a dilute solution of polar molecules allows you to…
X-Ray Crystallography Structure Factors
X-ray diffraction is a standard method of chemical analysis to determine the structure of crystalline solids. The X-rays photons are scattered from the electrons in the atoms and interfere to give bright spots, i.e. the…
Particle in A One-Dimensional Box
Quantum effects are dominant in many areas of Chemistry and Biology. A simple system that shows how quantum effects arise is the particle in a box. The particle may be an electron, atom, ion or…
Why use Imaginary numbers and Complex Numbers?
Here giving a longer than normal introduction to imaginary and complex numbers because as a student I couldn’t see why some lecturers and professors wanted to use complex numbers instead of tangents, sines and cosines…