Geology

Process of Soil Formation Soil formation or pedogenesis depends first on weathering. It is this weathering mantle (depth of the weathered material) which is the…

Soil Formation: Soil Contents The soil is an amalgamation of materials. The essential components of soil are minerals, organic matter, water, and air. The usual…

Erosion involves acquisition and transportation of rock debris. It is the process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil.…

Deposition is a consequence of erosion. It is the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it and…

Landslides A landslide means a collapse of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff. These are known as relatively rapid and…

Rapid Movements These movements are most prevalent in humid climatic regions and occur over gentle to steep slopes. Movement of water-saturated clayey or silty earth…

Slow Movements Creep is one type under this category which can occur on moderately steep, soil-covered slopes. Flows occur when the material, soil, and/or rock,…

Mass movement is the movement of surface material caused by gravity. Landslides and rockfalls are examples of very sudden movements of this type. These movements…

Special Effects of Weathering Weathering is the breakdown and amendment of minerals and rocks near or at the earth’s surface. The three forms of weathering…

Significance of Weathering Weathering processes are responsible for breaking down the rocks into smaller fragments and preparing the way for the formation of not only…