Geography

Biological weathering is contribution to or removal of minerals and ions from the weathering environment and physical changes due to growth or movement of organisms.…

Salt weathering is a form of mechanical or physical weathering of rock. Salts in rocks expand due to thermal action, hydration, and crystallization. Many salts…

Physical Weathering Processes Physical or mechanical weathering processes depend on some applied forces. The applied forces could be- (i) gravitational forces such as overburden pressure,…

Chemical Weathering Processes A group of weathering processes viz; solution, carbonation, hydration, oxidation, and reduction act on the rocks to decompose, dissolve or reduce them…

Oxidation and Reduction in weathering In weathering, oxidation means an amalgamation of a mineral with oxygen to form oxides or hydroxides. Oxidation occurs where there…

Weathering is action of elements of weather and climate over earth materials. There are a number of processes within weathering which act either individually or…

Volcanism includes the movement of molten rock (magma) onto or toward the earth’s surface and also the formation of many intrusive and extrusive volcanic forms.…

Sole Driving Force behind all the Exogenic Processes Climatic factors being equal, the intensity of action of exogenic geomorphic processes depends upon the type and…

Exogenic Process The exogenic processes derive their energy from atmosphere determined by the ultimate energy from the sun and also the gradients created by tectonic…

Gravity besides being a directional force activating all downslope movements of matter also causes stresses on the earth’s materials. Indirect gravitational stresses activate wave and…