Liquid Solution

Determination of Osmotic Pressure by Pfeffer’s method Abbe Nollet (1748) was the first to observe the phenomenon of osmosis and made measurements of osmotic pressure.…

Semi-permeable Membrane: Membrane bombardment theory A membrane that allows only the solvent molecules to pass through it, but not the solute molecules is known as…

Semi-permeable Membrane: Vapour pressure theory A membrane that allows only the solvent molecules to pass through it, but not the solute molecules is known as…

Semi-permeable Membrane: Molecular sieve theory A membrane that allows only the solvent molecules to pass through it, but not the solute molecules is known as…

Semi-permeable Membrane: Membrane solution theory A membrane that allows only the solvent molecules to pass through it, but not the solute molecules is known as…

Measurement of Freezing Point Depression The arrangement for cryoscopic determination of the molar mass of a solute is shown in Figure. The apparatus essentially consists…

Depression of Freezing Point The freezing point of a liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and solid forms are in equilibrium…

Osmotic Pressure If a concentrated solution and a dilute solution of the same solute are placed together in the same container the solute particles move…

Osmosis Pressure We know that a gas or vapour spreads out from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure. Similarly, if…

Measurement of Elevation of Boiling Point by Cottrell’s Method Cottrell’s method: Cottrell (1910) devised an ingenious method for measurement of boiling point in which superheating was…