Thermodynamics

Molar heat capacity is calculated of the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one mole of a pure substance by one degree…

Work of Expansion The work involved in the change of volume of a gas against an external pressure is of considerable interest to chemists. The…

Constant Pressure Processes and Enthalpy In chemistry constant pressure processes are more common than constant volume processes since most reactions are usually carried out in…

Constant Volume Processes It the thermodynamic process is carried out at constant volume, w = 0, since dV = zero. Hence the first law equation…

The cyclic process A process in which a system goes from an initial state to a final state and returns back to the initial state…

Isochoric and isobaric processes A thermodynamic process in which the volume is kept constant is known as an Isochoric process. For an isochoric process dV…

Isothermal and adiabatic processes Isothermal and adiabatic processes are common terms in thermodynamic while discussing the energy variation in form of heat. A process in…

Reversible and irreversible processes in Thermodynamic When the state of a system is changed by changing any of the variables on which it is dependent,…

Mathematical Formulation of the First Law of Thermodynamics When heat is applied to a system, the internal energy of the system will increase if no…

Internal Energy: In thermodynamics the total energy possessed by a system is termed its internal energy (U). Internal energy is the sum of all possible…