Physical Optics

Michelson-Morley Experiment After the discovery of Maxwell’s equations in 1861 it was seen that electromagnetic wave propagates in vacuum at the speed of light. Later…

Inertial and Non-inertial Frame of Reference The frame of reference in which law of inertia and Newton’s first law of motion is applicable is called…

Frame of Reference In classical and Newtonian mechanics three fundamental quantities have been considered. These are space, time, and mass. According to classical mechanics space,…

Optic Axis: In all double-refracting crystals there is a particular direction along which light is refracted without double refraction. This direction of the crystal is…

Polarizing Angle: In a reflecting medium, if the angle of incidence is changed slowly then an angle will be obtained for which the polarization will…

Double Refraction: There are some crystals through which traveling rays of light are split into two components. This process is called the double refraction and…

Tourmaline Crystal Experiment and Polarization of Light Polarization is the action of restricting the vibrations of a transverse wave, especially light, wholly or partially to…

Unpolarized light: Ordinary light waves whose vibrations normal to the direction of propagation, spread all around the source with equal amplitude is called unpolarized light…

Polarization of Light We know, light is a form of energy which creates the sensation of vision. There are five theories to determine the nature…

Grating Constant A diffraction grating is an optical component with a usual model. The form of the light diffracted by a grating depends on the…