Usefulness and Limitations of Thermodynamics to Chemists
The great usefulness of thermodynamics to chemists can be summarized as follows: The laws of thermodynamics are not based on any assumption about the existence…
Chemistry
Nature of Thermodynamics
The Nature of Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is an important discipline in physical science. It deals with the relationship between thermal energy and other forms of energy.…
Tests of Isomorphism
Tests of isomorphism: For two substances to be isomorphous with each other the following three criteria are to be satisfied: (a) The crystalline form should…
Isomorphism
Isomorphism is an identity or close similarity in the crystalline form of substances typically containing dissimilar elements but having similar composition. It was recognized early…
Liquid Crystals
Liquid Crystals In a liquid, the molecules have no orderly arrangement. The molecules can move with respect to each other in a random manner, so…
Specific Heats of Solids
The Specific Heats of Solids (Dulong and Petit’s law) Dulong and Petit in 1819 observed that at room temperature and atmospheric pressure the product of…
Crystal Detects
Crystal detects The presence of defects to crystal lattice may profoundly influence the mechanical, electrical and optical properties of crystal. Reactively of the solids may…
Defects in Solids
Defects in Solids A crystal is considered to be ideal or perfect if there is regular arrangement of lattice points, and there is no irregularity…
Describe ‘Hole Concept’ in terms of Conductance
The ‘hole’ concept and conductance At sufficiently high temperature a significant number of electrons in the valence band may gain enough thermal energy and promoted…
Semiconductors in Solid Materials
Semiconductors in Solid Materials The term semiconductor refers to those which have the weak conductivity at low temperatures but show increased conductivity as the temperature…
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