Immiscible Liquid Pairs: Steam Distillation There are pairs of liquids which are insoluble in each other. When mixed in any proportion they separate into two layers. Such liquids are said to be immiscible with each…

Effect of pressure on critical solution temperature: Liquid-Liquid Equilibria in Partially There are pairs of substances which are liquids at ordinary temperatures or whose melting points are low or are known to have limited mutual…

Liquid-Liquid Equilibria in Partially- Miscible Systems: Nicotine-water There are pairs of substances which are liquids at ordinary temperatures or whose melting points are low or are known to have limited mutual solubility within certain temperature…

Liquid-Liquid Equilibria in Partially-Miscible Systems: Triethylamine-water There are pairs of substances which are liquids at ordinary temperatures or whose melting points are low or are known to have limited mutual solubility within certain temperature limits.…

Liquid-Liquid Equilibria in Partially- Miscible Systems: Critical Solution Temperature (CST) There are pairs of substances which are liquids at ordinary temperatures or whose melting points are low or are known to have limited mutual solubility…

Distillation of Non-ideal Solutions: Azeotropic Mixture An azeotrope is a mixture that exhibits the same concentration in the vapor phase and the liquid phase. Liquid pairs that show large deviations from Raoult’s law may have…

Completely Miscible Liquid Pairs Showing Deviation from Raoult’s Law Miscibility refers to the ability of a liquid to totally dissolve in another liquid solution. A distinct layer of two liquids will not form when you…

The two components form a compound: Solid-liquid Equilibria If the two components, A and B, chemically interact forming a compound, the phase diagram assumes a general form as shown in Figure. Here, ‘a’ is the melting…

In two component systems we will consider solid—liquid and liquid—liquid systems. The systems will be treated separately as they are distinct from one another in certain respects. The maximum number of phases that can co-exist…

Sublimation in Triple Point The process in which a solid is directly converted into vapour without passing through the intermediate liquid state is called Sublimation. The solid is said to have sublimed. Calomel, arsenious oxide,…