The physiology of production of fruits and seeds

Fruits and seeds are formed in angiospermic plants. seeds are present inside the fruit. Fertilization is the precondition for the formation of seeds and fruits. If fertilization does not occur in a flower, it will fall down. If fertilization occurs in a flower, the ovary will be matured gradually and will be turned into a fruit. The ovules of the fruit will be turned into seeds.

Some factors are involved in the physiology of the production of fruits and seeds.

The factors are as follows:

Auxins
Mineral elements
Heat
Water carbondioxide and light

Auxins:

It plays a vital role in the production of seeds and fruits.
The production of auxin increases subsequently after the successful fertilization
During the development of a pollen tube, it secrets an enzyme which influences on triptofan to form auxin.
The production of auxin increases slier pollination and formation of cells and cell elongation.
Abscission layers are formed in the peduncles of flowers which prevent the falling of flowers.

Minerals:

Minerals, such as- calcium (Ca), magnesium, potassium, phosphorus etc play a special role in the maturation of fruits and seeds. Their activities maintain cell division and growth and keep the perfect supply of carbohydrate (From leaf to fruit through phloem)

Heat:

Heat also plays a special role in the production of fruits. Extremely low or extremely high temperature hampers the production of fruits. Temperature regulates the production of fruits by controlling the activities of different enzymes and hormones.

Water, CO₂ and light:

Carbohydrate, fat, protein and different minerals are stored in the fruits and seeds. They mainly perform Abscission layer is not formed in peduncles of fruits with the effect of auxin.

As a result, the carbohydrate formed in leaves is carried to fruits and seeds as sucrose. Different amino acids are also carried to fruits and seeds and eventually they are turned into proteins. Light, CO₂ and water regulate photosynthesis. So, water, CO₂ and light also regulate the production of fruits indirectly.