The lower epidermis covers the lower surface of the leaf. It contains stomata cells that help prevent water loss and regulate the exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, enabling plants to survive.
(i) It is composed of a one layer of compactly arranged parenchymatous cells.
(ii) It contains a than cuticle layer around this layer.
(iii) It contains stomata cells that help prevent water loss and regulate the exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, enabling plants to survive.
(iv) Other cells in the lower epidermis include a waxy cuticle to protect underlying layers.
(v) Transparency in epidermal cells allows sunlight to pass through to chloroplasts, which are involved in photosynthesis.
Functions:
- To protect the inner tissue.
- Takes part in transpiration and gaseous exchange.
